I. From the Perspective of the Product Itself
(I) Specification Parameters
The 16, 25, and 35 square millimeter 2-core low-voltage unarmored
Power Cables have comprehensive and precise settings in terms of specification parameters to ensure their stable operation in low-voltage distribution systems.
The rated voltage is clearly 0.6/1kV, and this voltage level enables it to adapt to most low-voltage distribution scenarios, whether it is the 220V system for residential electricity use or the 380V system in industrial production, it can meet the power transmission needs.
The conductor cross-sections are 16mm², 25mm², and 35mm² respectively, and conductors with different cross-sections have differences in current-carrying capacity. The 16mm² cable has a current-carrying capacity of approximately 70A when laid in air and about 85A in soil; the 25mm² cable has a current-carrying capacity of about 95A in air and around 115A in soil; the 35mm² cable has a current-carrying capacity of roughly 120A in air and approximately 145A in soil. This range of current-carrying capacity can meet the needs of different loads from residential incoming lines to power supply for small industrial equipment.
The DC resistance of the conductor is a key indicator to measure its conductivity. The oxygen-free pure
Copper Conductor used in this cable has excellent DC resistance performance at 20°C. The 16mm² conductor is ≤1.15Ω/km, the 25mm² is ≤0.727Ω/km, and the 35mm² is ≤0.524Ω/km, which is much lower than the industry standard and can effectively reduce losses during power transmission.
The insulation layer is made of XLPE material, which has a temperature resistance level of 90°C and can maintain stable insulation performance during long-term operation. It can withstand a high temperature of 250°C during a short circuit (within 5 seconds), providing a certain safety guarantee for circuit faults. The insulation resistance is ≥10¹⁴Ω・m, and the dielectric loss tangent is ≤0.002 (at 90°C), ensuring good insulation effect and electrical performance.
The LSOH sheath has outstanding mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of ≥12MPa and an elongation at break of ≥125%, having excellent tensile and deformation resistance, and can resist external mechanical damages such as extrusion and friction. At the same time, the sheath has passed the GB/T 18380 flame retardancy test (single vertical burning test), with low smoke density (light transmittance ≥60%) and a toxicity index of ≤5 when burned, meeting environmental safety standards.
The cable has good bending performance, with a minimum bending radius of 6 times the cable outer diameter (static) and 10 times the outer diameter (dynamic). The outer diameter of the 16mm² cable is about 15mm, its static minimum bending radius is 90mm, and the dynamic one is 150mm; the outer diameter of the 25mm² cable is approximately 18mm, the static minimum bending radius is 108mm, and the dynamic one is 180mm; the outer diameter of the 35mm² cable is around 21mm, the static minimum bending radius is 126mm, and the dynamic one is 210mm, which is convenient for laying construction in narrow spaces.
In addition, the cable's applicable ambient temperature range is -40°C to 90°C, which can adapt to outdoor laying in cold regions and complex working conditions such as high-temperature workshops, having strong environmental adaptability.
(II) Characteristic Uses
The 16, 25, and 35 square millimeter 2-core low-voltage un
Armored Power cables have distinctive uses in multiple fields due to their unique performance advantages.
In the construction field, the 16mm² cable is often used as the incoming line for residences, which can meet the power needs of daily electrical equipment in ordinary families, such as air conditioners, refrigerators, and TVs. Due to its small outer diameter (about 15mm), it is more flexible in wall piping and indoor wiring, without occupying too much space. The 25mm² cable can be used as the lighting and power distribution trunk in buildings, providing power support for public area lighting, elevators, water pumps and other equipment in multi-storey residences, and its current-carrying capacity can meet the power supply requirements of medium loads. The 35mm² cable is suitable for some distribution circuits in large commercial buildings, such as central air-conditioning systems in shopping malls and refrigeration equipment in large supermarkets, providing stable power transmission for high-load equipment.
In the industrial field, this series of cables is also widely used. The 16mm² cable can be used for power supply of small industrial equipment, such as small machine tools and blowers, and its good conductivity and
Flexibility facilitate the movement and wiring of equipment. The 25mm² cable is suitable for some medium-power industrial machinery, such as injection molding machines and pulverizers, and can bear the power load during equipment operation. The 35mm² cable can connect the control circuits and power circuits of small industrial production lines to ensure the continuous and stable operation of the production line, and its high current-carrying capacity can meet the power needs of multiple equipment working simultaneously on the production line.
The new energy field is an important application scenario for this cable. In the low-voltage connection of new energy vehicle charging piles, 16mm² and 25mm² cables are more commonly used, which can adapt to the installation environment of charging piles and provide safe and efficient power transmission for electric vehicle charging. Since charging piles are usually installed in outdoor or semi-outdoor environments, the LSOH sheath of the cable has good weather resistance and environmental protection, and can maintain stable performance even in harsh weather. In case of accidental combustion, the low-smoke and halogen-free characteristics can reduce harm to the surrounding environment and personnel.
Data center computer rooms have extremely high requirements for power stability and safety, and this series of cables also plays an important role in this field. The 25mm² and 35mm² cables can be used as power supply circuits for computer room equipment, providing power support for core equipment such as servers and switches. The equipment in the computer room is dense and the space is limited. The flexibility and small outer diameter of the cable make it easy to lay in the cable tray. At the same time, the safety of the low-smoke and halogen-free characteristics of the LSOH sheath can buy time for personnel evacuation and equipment rescue in emergency situations such as fires.
In addition, in municipal engineering, such as lighting and
Emergency Power Supply systems in enclosed spaces such as subways and tunnels, this cable is also applied due to its environmental protection and safety performance. The 16mm² and 25mm² cables can be used for lighting lines in these places to ensure electrical safety in enclosed environments and reduce fire risks.
(III) Material and Style
Material
The conductor is made of oxygen-free pure copper with a purity of ≥99.99%. This material has extremely high conductivity, with an oxygen content of ≤0.003%, avoiding the impact of oxides on conductivity, effectively reducing losses during power transmission, and improving power transmission efficiency. Oxygen-free pure copper also has good ductility and toughness, which is convenient for multi-strand stranding processing, enhancing the flexibility of the conductor, making it easier to bend during laying and reducing construction difficulty.
The insulation layer is made of XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene) material, which has excellent insulation performance, with an insulation resistance of ≥10¹⁴Ω・m, which can effectively prevent current leakage and ensure the safety of power transmission. XLPE material has good temperature resistance, with a long-term working temperature of up to 90°C, and can withstand a high temperature of 250°C during short circuits, being suitable for various temperature environments. At the same time, it also has strong chemical stability and outstanding anti-aging performance, which can extend the service life of the cable.
The outer sheath is made of LSOH (low smoke zero halogen) material. This material does not contain halogens, will not release toxic gases when burned, has low smoke density (light transmittance ≥60%) and a toxicity index of ≤5, meeting environmental safety standards, and is especially suitable for use in densely populated places and enclosed spaces. The LSOH sheath also has good mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of ≥12MPa and an elongation at break of ≥125%, which can resist external extrusion, friction, acid and alkali erosion, providing reliable protection for the internal structure of the cable.
The filling layer between the core wires is made of non-hygroscopic material. This material has good stability, will not affect the performance of the cable due to absorbing moisture, can ensure the roundness of the cable structure, and also can play a certain buffering role, reducing mutual friction and extrusion between core wires.
Style
In terms of appearance, this series of cables is cylindrical with a compact overall structure. Due to the use of LSOH sheath, the color is usually black. Black has good weather resistance, can adapt to various outdoor environmental conditions, and is also convenient to distinguish from other pipelines during installation.
The cable adopts a 2-core design, and the core wire colors are generally red and blue (or brown and blue), which is convenient for distinguishing the live wire and neutral wire, facilitating installation and maintenance. Each core wire is tightly wrapped by an XLPE insulation layer, and the surface of the insulation layer is smooth, without bubbles and impurities, ensuring the insulation effect.
The conductor has a multi-strand stranded structure. Multiple strands of fine
Copper Wires are stranded according to a certain lay direction and pitch. This structure enhances the flexibility and toughness of the conductor, making the cable not easy to break when bent, and convenient for laying in narrow spaces. The
Stranded Conductor is closely combined with the insulation layer, and the overall structure is stable.
The LSOH sheath evenly wraps around the outside of the filling layer, forming a solid protective layer. The surface of the sheath is printed with the cable's model, specification, rated voltage, manufacturer and other marks, which are clear and easy to read, facilitating user identification and traceability. The thickness of the sheath varies according to the cable cross-sectional specification. The sheath thickness of the 16mm² cable is about 1.2mm, 25mm² is about 1.5mm, and 35mm² is about 2.0mm, which not only ensures the protective performance but also controls the overall diameter of the cable.
(IV) Production Process
The production process of 16, 25, and 35 square millimeter 2-core low-voltage un
Armored Power Cables is rigorous and complex. Every link from raw material processing to finished product inspection is strictly controlled to ensure product quality.
Conductor manufacturing is the primary link in production. First, oxygen-free pure copper ingots with a purity of ≥99.99% are smelted. During the smelting process, the temperature and impurity content are strictly controlled to ensure the purity and quality of copper. The smelted copper liquid is cast into copper rods. After cooling, the copper rods are drawn into fine copper wires of different diameters through a wire drawing machine. During the wire drawing process, a suitable die is selected according to the required copper wire diameter, and the wire drawing speed is controlled to ensure that the diameter of the copper wire is uniform, the surface is smooth, and there are no scratches or burrs.
Next, multiple strands of fine copper wires are stranded. According to the different cross-sectional specifications of the cable, a corresponding number of copper wires are selected and stranded according to a certain lay direction and pitch. During stranding, special equipment is used to ensure that the tension of each strand of copper wire is uniform, avoiding looseness or uneven stress, so as to enhance the flexibility and structural stability of the conductor. After stranding, the conductor is surface-treated to remove oil and impurities on the surface, preparing for the subsequent extrusion of the insulation layer.
Insulation layer extrusion is one of the key processes. The stranded conductor is fed into the extruder, and at the same time, the XLPE material is heated to a molten state. The molten XLPE material is evenly wrapped around the outside of the conductor through an extrusion die to form an insulation layer. During the extrusion process, the extrusion temperature, extrusion speed and die pressure are strictly controlled to ensure that the thickness of the insulation layer is uniform, closely combined with the conductor, and free of bubbles, material shortages and other defects. The extruded
Insulated Core is cooled through a cooling water tank to quickly solidify the insulation layer.
Subsequently, the cabling process of the core wires is carried out. Two insulated core wires and filling materials are put into the cabling machine and stranded into a cable according to a certain pitch. The filling material is non-hygroscopic, which is evenly filled between the two core wires to ensure the roundness of the cabled cable structure. During the cabling process, the tension of the cable is controlled by traction equipment to avoid excessive stretching or extrusion of the core wires.
Sheath extrusion is the last major process. The cabled core is fed into the sheath extruder. The LSOH sheath material is heated and melted in the extruder, and then evenly wrapped around the outside of the core through an extrusion die to form the outer sheath. During the extrusion process, the extrusion parameters also need to be well controlled to ensure that the thickness of the sheath is uniform, the surface is smooth, closely combined with the inner core, and free of bubbles, cracks and other defects. The extruded cable is cooled, pulled, and taken up to form a continuous cable coil.
During the production process, multiple quality inspections are also required. After the conductor is stranded, its DC resistance and appearance quality are tested; after the insulation layer is extruded, the thickness, insulation resistance, temperature resistance and other properties of the insulation layer are tested; after cabling, the structural roundness and core wire spacing of the cable are checked; after the sheath is extruded, the thickness, tensile strength, elongation at break, flame retardancy and other properties of the sheath are tested. In addition, the finished cable also needs to undergo overall withstand voltage tests, partial discharge tests and bending tests to ensure that all performance indicators meet relevant standards and design requirements.
The control of the production environment is also crucial. The workshop is kept clean and dry, and the temperature and humidity are controlled within appropriate ranges to avoid the impact of dust, moisture, etc. on product quality. Production equipment is regularly maintained to ensure its operating accuracy and stability, improving production efficiency and the consistency of product quality.
II. From the Perspective of General Product Information
(I) Packaging
The packaging design of 16, 25, and 35 square millimeter 2-core low-voltage unarmored power cables fully considers the convenience of transportation, storage and handling, while ensuring that the cables are not damaged during the process.
For cables of small length (usually 100 meters and below), plastic reels are used for packaging. The plastic reels are made of high-strength polyethylene material, which has good pressure resistance and wear resistance, and can protect the cables from extrusion and collision during handling and storage. The cable is neatly wound on the reel, and appropriate tension is maintained during winding to avoid loosening of the cable or damage caused by mutual friction. After winding, the entire reel and cable are tightly wrapped with plastic film, which has good moisture-proof and dust-proof performance, and can effectively isolate the impact of external moisture and dust on the cable. Both ends of the reel are provided with circular baffles, the diameter of which is larger than that of the reel, which can prevent the cable from slipping off the reel. The baffles are printed with the cable's model, specification, length, manufacturer and other information, which is convenient for users to identify and count.
For cables of large length (usually more than 100 meters), wooden cable reels are used for packaging. The wooden cable reels are made of high-quality hardwood, which has been dried and has high strength and stability, and can bear a large weight. The cable is tightly wound on the cable reel, and the number of winding layers and tension are strictly controlled to ensure that the cable will not loosen or deform during transportation. The outer layer of the cable is also wrapped with plastic film to play a role in moisture-proof and dust-proof. Both sides of the wooden cable reel are equipped with metal flanges, and the flanges are provided with a number of evenly distributed holes, which are convenient for handling and loading/unloading with forklifts and other equipment. A label is nailed on the cable reel, which details the cable's model, specification, length, weight, production batch number, production date and other information, facilitating product traceability and management.
Whether it is plastic reel or wooden cable reel packaging, obvious warning signs such as "Do not press heavily", "Moisture-proof", "Up", "Handle with care" are printed on the outside of the packaging to remind operators to pay attention to standard operations during handling and storage to avoid damage to the cable. For exported products, corresponding international standards and certification marks are also marked on the packaging to meet the import requirements of different countries and regions.
(II) Transportation
The transportation of 16, 25, and 35 square millimeter 2-core low-voltage unarmored power cables needs to select appropriate transportation methods according to factors such as transportation distance, quantity and destination, and take corresponding protective measures to ensure the safe delivery of the cables.
Road transportation is one of the most commonly used transportation methods, suitable for medium and short-distance transportation. The transport vehicles are closed trucks or semi-trailers to prevent the cables from being exposed to direct sunlight, rain, dust pollution and bad weather. When loading, the packaged cable reels or cable drums are neatly placed in the carriage, and wooden boards or buffer materials are placed between the cable drums to prevent mutual collision and friction. For wooden cable reels, steel wire
ropes or fastening belts are used to firmly fix them to the carriage to prevent shaking or displacement during transportation. During transportation, drivers should control the speed, avoid sudden braking and sharp turns, reduce the impact force on the cables, and abide by traffic rules to ensure transportation safety.
Railway transportation is suitable for long-distance and large-volume cable transportation, with the advantages of large transport capacity, low cost and good stability. During railway transportation, the cable reels are placed in the designated positions of railway freight cars and fixed with special fixing devices to prevent the cable reels from moving and colliding during transportation. At the same time, waterproof cloth is covered on the outside of the cable reels to take moisture-proof and dust-proof measures to avoid the impact of the external environment on the cables. The railway department will monitor the entire process of goods transportation to ensure the safety of the goods.
Waterway transportation is mainly used for international trade or long-distance coastal transportation. When cables are transported by cargo ships, the cable reels are reasonably placed in the cabin to avoid stacking too high and prevent the underlying cable reels from being crushed and damaged. During transportation, attention should be paid to ventilation and moisture-proof in the cabin, maintaining a suitable temperature and humidity environment to avoid damage to the cables due to moisture. At the same time, the cable reels should be fixed to prevent movement due to 颠簸 during the ship's navigation.
No matter which transportation method is adopted, it is necessary to avoid severe collision, extrusion, excessive bending and exposure of the cables to the sun. Transport personnel should be familiar with the characteristics and transportation requirements of the cables, handle them with care during loading and unloading, use appropriate loading and unloading tools, and avoid damage to the cable packaging and the cables themselves. During transportation, attention should be paid to weather changes at any time, and corresponding protective measures should be taken when encountering bad weather to ensure that the cables are delivered to the destination safely and on time.
(III) Delivery
The company has established a sound delivery process to ensure that 16, 25, and 35 square millimeter 2-core low-voltage unarmored power cables can be sent to customers in a timely and accurate manner.
After the customer places an order, the sales department will promptly transmit the order information to the warehouse department. The order information includes the customer's name, contact information, delivery address, cable model, specification, quantity, delivery date, etc. After receiving the order, the warehouse manager first reviews the order to confirm the accuracy and completeness of the information. If there is any 疑问，he will communicate and coordinate with the sales department in a timely manner to ensure that the order information is correct.
After the review is passed, the warehouse manager arranges the picking of goods according to the order requirements. The pickers accurately find the corresponding goods in the warehouse according to the model, specification and quantity of the cables, and check whether the packaging of the cables is intact and the labels are clear to ensure that the goods are consistent with the order requirements. After picking, the goods are transported to the delivery area for further processing.
Before delivery, quality inspectors will re-inspect the cables to be shipped, mainly checking whether the appearance, packaging, model and specification of the cables meet the requirements to ensure that the shipped cables are of qualified quality. After passing the inspection, the warehouse manager handles the outbound procedures and fills in the outbound list, which records the relevant information of the cables and customer information in detail.
For the cables that need to be transported, the warehouse department will contact the cooperative logistics company, select the appropriate transportation method and vehicle type according to the quantity, weight, volume and transportation distance of the goods, and confirm the transportation time and cost with the logistics company. The logistics company arranges vehicles to pick up the goods at the warehouse. The warehouse manager and the driver jointly check the quantity, model and specification of the goods. After confirmation, loading is carried out. During the loading process, the cables are fixed in accordance with the specifications to ensure safety during transportation.
After loading, the warehouse manager goes through the goods handover procedures with the driver, and the driver signs on the outbound list for confirmation. The warehouse department promptly feeds back the logistics information (such as the name of the logistics company, waybill number, estimated arrival time, etc.) to the sales department, and the sales department informs the customer of the relevant logistics information so that the customer can track the transportation status of the goods in a timely manner.
During the delivery process, the company will track the logistics information in real time. If any abnormal situation occurs (such as delay in transportation, damage to goods, etc.), it will actively communicate with the logistics company and the customer to solve the problem in a timely manner and minimize the impact on the customer. For urgent orders, the company will give priority to arranging delivery to meet the customer's urgent needs.
After the customer receives the goods and confirms that there is no problem, the delivery process is completed. The company will file and archive the relevant documents of the delivery, such as orders, outbound lists, waybills, etc., for future inquiry and traceability.
(IV) Samples
In order to help customers better understand the performance and quality of 16, 25, and 35 square millimeter 2-core low-voltage unarmored power cables, the company provides sample services to assist customers in making more informed purchase decisions.
Customers can apply for samples through various channels such as telephone, email, and online customer service. When applying for samples, customers need to provide basic information such as their name, contact information, and company name, and indicate the model, specification, and quantity of the required samples. If necessary, they can also explain the purpose of the samples and specific requirements for the samples, so that the company can provide more suitable samples.
After receiving the customer's sample application, the sales staff will contact the customer in a timely manner to confirm the details of the sample application, such as whether the model and specification are correct, whether the quantity of samples meets the customer's needs, etc. If there is any inconsistency, the sales staff will communicate with the customer to adjust until the customer's needs are clarified.
The company will select samples from qualified products in the warehouse to ensure that the samples have the same quality and performance as the bulk products. The length of the sample is usually 1-3 meters, and the specific length can be adjusted according to the customer's requirements. Before sending the sample, the company will conduct a simple inspection on the sample to ensure that the sample has no obvious defects and can normally reflect the performance of the product.
The sample packaging is simple and practical. Usually, it is packaged with plastic bags or small cartons, and the outer packaging is marked with the sample's model, specification, production date and other information. At the same time, the company will attach a sample introduction document, which briefly introduces the performance characteristics, application scope and other contents of the sample to help customers better understand the sample.
The company will choose a reliable express company to send the samples. The express fee is usually borne by the customer, but for some potential large customers or customers with special circumstances, the company can negotiate to bear part or all of the express fee. After the sample is sent, the sales staff will inform the customer of the express number and the name of the express company, so that the customer can track the arrival time of the sample.
After the customer receives the sample, if they have any questions about the sample, such as performance parameters and installation methods, they can contact the sales staff at any time. The sales staff will provide detailed answers and technical support to help customers solve the problems encountered in the process of using the sample. If the customer is satisfied with the sample, they can place a bulk order according to the quality and performance of the sample.
The company will record the customer's sample application information, including the customer's basic information, the model and specification of the sample, and the sending time, and conduct appropriate follow-up visits to the customer to understand the customer's evaluation of the sample and the intention to place an order, so as to provide better services for the customer.
(V) After-sales Service
The company attaches great importance to the after-sales service of 16, 25, and 35 square millimeter 2-core low-voltage unarmored power cables, and has established a professional after-sales service team to provide customers with comprehensive and efficient after-sales support, ensuring that customers can use the products with confidence.
The after-sales service team is composed of experienced technicians and customer service personnel who have received professional training and are proficient in the performance, installation, use and maintenance of the cables. They can quickly respond to customer needs and provide professional solutions.
During the installation of the cables, if customers encounter technical problems, they can contact the after-sales service team for help. After-sales personnel can provide technical guidance through telephone, video call, email and other ways. They will explain the installation steps and precautions in detail according to the customer's specific situation and answer the customer's questions. For some complex installation scenarios, such as large-scale industrial projects, the company can arrange technicians to conduct on-site guidance according to the customer's needs, helping the customer to install the cables correctly and ensuring the smooth progress of the project.
If the customer finds quality problems with the cables during use, such as insulation layer damage, conductor breakage, abnormal heating, etc., they can apply for after-sales service to the company. When applying, the customer needs to provide relevant materials such as the purchase invoice, the model and specification of the cable, the time of use, the description of the problem and photos of the problem. After receiving the application, the after-sales service team will register the customer's complaint and contact the customer within 24 hours to understand the specific situation in detail.
The after-sales service team will analyze and judge the problems reported by the customer. If it is confirmed that the problem is caused by the product itself, such as manufacturing defects and material problems, the company will handle it according to the customer's requirements, such as return, replacement or repair. For the cables that need to be returned or replaced, the company will bear the transportation cost and arrange for the new cables to be delivered to the customer as soon as possible to minimize the impact on the customer's use.
If the problem is caused by improper use or installation by the customer, the after-sales service team will patiently explain the reasons to the customer and provide corresponding solutions, such as maintenance suggestions and technical guidance. If the customer needs, the company can also arrange technicians to provide on-site maintenance services, but the customer needs to bear the relevant service fees.
The company regularly conducts return visits to customers who have purchased the cables. The return visit methods include telephone calls, emails, and on-site visits. The purpose of the return visit is to understand the use of the cables, collect the customer's opinions and suggestions on the products and services, and timely feed them back to the relevant departments of the company. The company will continuously improve product quality and service level according to customer feedback.
In addition, the company provides customers with detailed product manuals and maintenance guides, which introduce the performance parameters, installation methods, precautions for use, maintenance measures and other contents of the cables in detail. Customers can refer to these materials to use and maintain the cables correctly, extending the service life of the cables.
The company's after-sales service commitment is to put the customer's needs first, solve the customer's problems in a timely and effective manner, and ensure customer satisfaction. The after-sales service team will always maintain a positive attitude and professional spirit to provide customers with high-quality after-sales service.
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